Water Shortage

Question: Evaluate practical answers for the issue of water deficiency in Australia. Water is the asset which is under expanding worry for most nations, particularly for the creating nations. Australia is one of the encountering run of the mill water deficiency nations. In Australia, in the ongoing years, water shortage is a dubious and high-concerned issue since the an Earth-wide temperature boost, land desertification, populace development, expanding utilization of hydropower and water system factors have increased the water deficiency wonder and influenced the existence nature of citizens.This paper will assess practical answers for the issue of water lack in Australia. It will inspect the reusing water approach and changing the farming developing techniques to address the issue. Right off the bat, the reusing water approach is an ebb and flow valuable procedure to assist Australian with alleviating the water deficiency pressure. Reusing water is the water that has been gotten fro m sewerage frameworks or industry forms and has been blessed to receive a standard wellbeing level for usage.This water reusing approach is a feasible and helpful strategy as the wastewater asset is indistinct and this technique can give the economical water gracefully to enterprises and day by day life use. Moreover, reusing water framework costs less consumption than different techniques and it can take the drawn out benefit. In this way, reusing water is a proficient way to deal with assistance the Australia government to address the water scarcity.Another mitigation technique ought to be changing the agribusiness developing strategies. As exploration demonstrated that about 91% of water utilization in Australia is utilized for water system, changing the agribusiness developing path from hydrological style to low water request cultivating structure is fundamental. What's more, the new cultivating structure can likewise take high financial benefits since it depend on less water an d increment item quantities.Therefore, changing the cultivating strategies is another significant system to confront the water deficiency issue. Taking everything into account, water shortage is a major test for all of nations on the planet just as for Australia. Receiving both of arrangements that are reusing water and changing the cultivating structure is a suitable methodology to address the water shortage issue. If not, it might cause more water utilization pressure for the administration.

Business Model Innovation and Business Radical Innovation

Question: Examine about the Business Model Innovation and Business Radical Innovation. Answer: Presentation The report of business arranging is based gathering of inn networks who have chosen to converge with their business with different lodgings to battle the weight of market in regards to the low evaluated inns. The arrangement of the new chain is begun as remain together for having a large number of inns from each class the world over. It is related with battling the offer of inns through different well known sites like hotels.com booking.com and so forth. In any case, promoting to this famous sites is causing a diminished of the benefit that the inns game and along these lines it is depleting out the corporate brand picture of the mainstream lodgings. They concluded that appointments will be made on a solitary site just with the assistance of various cell phone applications and the costs that will be fixed and kept the equivalent with the pinnacle estimating circumstance of the time. The business report is setting light on the client faithfulness plan of remain together. The setup of the kitchen and feasting framework with complimentary breakfast and smorgasbord lunch is additionally a piece of this report. Refunds, limits and credits for the clients are appealing bundles. Remembering the centrality of Corporate Social Responsibility, the lodging network framework remains together spotlights on giving foundation from their earned benefit. The most significant thing in this business is the data innovation and the data arrangement of the organization. This innovation is required by the lodging network framework in light of the fact that the organization has a few inns under them and they need to control all the chains and all the inns which are not a simple employment for the organization. All things considered, they structure the vital partnership by which they can control the business. The significant things go under the key union is the Information Technology and the data framework. These two things are most significant on the grounds that the data framework is gathering or taking care of the information or the data of the business by which the organization is getting the updates (Buhalis Law, 2008). The data innovation is the innovation which is controlling the data or the information of the organization. The innovations are, for example, the web, sites and the application. By the assistance of these, the organization isn't just getting the advantages of getting the updates of their own business yet additionally the clients are getting benefits by getting the detail data of the organization. By those applications, they can check the accessibility of the administration or the rooms of the inns. This framework is made by the organization in light of the fact that beforehand the organizations use to take the assistance of the other online site to advance their business or for web based booking however by the framework, they are confronting misfortunes since they need to take care of slice cash to the site organization and that is harming the edge of the organization. So they choose to shape an individual site by which they can advance their own business (Chan, 2011). Devotion conspire It is vital for the organization to hold their clients and furthermore to increase long haul clients for their business. All things considered, the case ought to get happy with the item or the administration of the organization. Then again, the correspondence arrangement of the organization ought to be changed in light of the fact that correspondence is the most significant piece of any business. With the assistance of the correspondence framework, the organization use to make the business channel. The client of the organization consistently investigates the conduct of the staffs towards the client. On the off chance that the conduct or the introduction is great, at that point it will get simpler for the organization to pick up the client and to keep up the client appropriately. On the off chance that the client is fulfilled and they adhere to the organization for the long time that is known as the faithfulness of the client. Presently the faithfulness isn't a thing that the whole cl ient or the individuals will confide in any organizations indiscriminately. For working up the trust, the organization needs hard on their administration and the item by which they can fulfill the client (Faulkner, 2001). The organization needs to fabricate a picture among the client by their administration and the item with the goal that the outlook up of the client will get fixed towards the current organization. As the day will advance, the organization needs to enhance with new sorts of item and furthermore to make new methodologies. The development of the items will make the desire level of the client high by which they will hang tight for the item till it dispatches. Then again, the organization needs to grow new sort of procedures and thoughts in all sort of divisions. From the outset, the organization needs to fabricate the arrangement with respect to the item and its assembling (Goffman, 2009). The organization must make a decent arrangement with respect to the item, the organization should consider the points of interest and the burdens of the item before making. Then again, the organization need to consider the recently result of the item. In the wake of assembling of the item, the organization use to consider the advancement, commercial and advertising of the item. The showcasing plan is the essential arrangement on the grounds that the organization needs to go think new ideas and method of advertising by which the clients will get pulled in to the item. In the wake of advertising the organization needs to consider the cost of the item, the organization needs to set the cost of the item in least and furthermore in a sensible so it can get reasonable to all sort of client. After the starting of the item, the client ought to become fulfills with the item. These all realities will lead a client to get steadfast towards the organization (Hoque, 2013). Free smorgasbord breakfast and supper There are a few organizations which are creating themselves and going for new advertising procedures by which they are pulling in the clients. Presently the organizations need to face the challenge during the creation and executing the advertising plan of the organization. However, here the base and subject of the business are inn network business then they need to make savvy techniques during the hour of their advancement and deals (Kimes, 2011). In todays world individuals are reserving lodgings and resorts by the whelp of the online destinations or the application since it is giving them more access to the spot and furthermore guaranteeing their appointments, however with the assistance of these applications or locales, the inns are losing their net revenues. They need to pay a slice of the cash to the online sites. Alongside that, there are others gives that will be that the site isn't just advancing a specific inn yet in addition advancing a few inns in same locales. This is the thing that the specific inn is confronting challenges to advance their business. For these specific reasons, the inns are making their sites and application by which the client can without much of a stretch access to their subtleties and can undoubtedly book their lodgings by their sites and application. The little lodging's network business face challenges to spread their business for that they use to decide to cause their sites and applications by which they to can advance themselves. Then again, they advance their business by the assistance of the online networking applications where they can associate a great deal of people groups (Mok, Sparks Kadampully, 2013). At the point when the organization is making showcasing techniques that time the lodgings use to set some appealing offers. At the point when a little inn business is opened that they can advance their business or give additional advantages to the client is equivalent to advancement. The lodgings use to give complimentary free smorgasbord breakfast and the supper for which they won't charge a solitary penny from the client with respect to the food. This is an extraordinary methodology by the inns to advance their business in the continuous excursion. This is the new the advanced ideas. They use to take this kind of methodology since it isn't workable for all lodgings to put away gigantic cash on publicizing so they can make new ideas which will turn out to be progressively productive to the clients. This kind of systems and administration use to make a decent connection with the clients, and the clients become faithful to the organization for its administration. This changes the impe rmanent client to the perpetual client (Molina-Azorn et al. 2015). Giving refunds to the clients is a basic choice of the administration where they are endeavoring to encourage the consumer loyalty's and unwaveringness. On reserving for rooms and related administrations, the organization gives unique limits to the clients on various plans and plans. After the markdown, the sum which is to be paid by the client is the discounted sum. The chain of 10 lodgings or remain together development has come up to this choice to return their market weight and beat up little Hotel housing. It is a lot of critical to esteem the clients and offer vital types of assistance to pick up client dependability. When the clients are happy with the administration just as the value technique, it is very evident that they will decide on a similar assistance over and over (Noone, McGuire Rohlfs, 2011). Cost is the most significant issue that impacts the money related state of the client. In the event that the client is eager to book a lodging, or plans to go for the recreational period, it might happen that his budgetary interests and not permitting him to think on it once more. Along these lines, keeping every single such expert and cons in see, the administration chooses to encourage the clients with exceptional offers and limits. These techniques advantage the organization as well as trigger the clients' craving in a prudent manner. For instance, it tends to be expected that to pull in the white collar class clients it is important to bargain with the costs of inns and corresponding administrations. All through the excursions and the pinnacle seasons, it is legitimate that the costs of lodgings are reasonable enough to pay. In any case, in the event that we talk about of seasons, the chain of inns and their administration needs to detail a few systems to draw in clients in the o ffseason too (

Boston Calling

Boston Calling This entry is ostensibly a guide to purchasing an appropriate cell phone and carrier intended for incoming 09s and even for prospective students. In reality, however, its just an excuse for me to advertise this great new cell phone I got, because Im really excited about it. Well, I dont really have my finger on the pulse of American youth culture (and Im not premed anyway), but my experience was that in high school, a few people had cell phones but nobody really used them that much. Then, suddenly, when I got to MIT, they became completely ubiquitous. The first week of orientation, I had to get out my cell phone all the time to give people my number because I had given it out so infrequently in the past that I never bothered to memorize it. Starting next month, MIT is going to start charging $17 per month for any non-MIT calls (I believe this includes even receiving long-distance calls, and placing them costs extra), so getting a $40 per month cell phone plan isnt as staggeringly costly as it once seemed. Even if you do already have a cell phone, figure that when you come to MIT youll be moving to a different area code and might want to look into getting a new area code or a different carrier. As far as carriers go, Sams Mom and I both had Cingular up until last month and we both found that its service in Boston was generally atrocious. I couldnt get reception anywhere east of Massachusetts Avenue (basically every academic building on campus) and found a fair number of dead spots throughout Boston while I never had any probelms with dropped calls, I was in general surprised at the lack of service in such a large urban area. Even though I like Catherine Zeta-Jones, Ive heard that other people have similar trouble with T-Mobile, which is unsurprising since even their own literature seems to admit that their coverage area is much smaller than that of their competitors. An informal poll conducted by Sams Mom outside of Pizzeria Regina last month revealed that Sprint customers are, in general, very satisfied in Boston. However, it seems that, by far, Verizon the most popular cell phone provider amongst MIT students. Since getting my new phone two weeks ago, Ive been able to get reception in subway stops, in my underground laboratory (where I work), and even in an elevator once. Their $40 Americas Choice plan is on par with similarly-priced plans offered by Cingular and T-Mobile, and gives you free nights, weekends, and in-calling (which is great, because everybody seems to have Verizon at MIT). Cingular does seem to offer better rates on family plans, but, as I noted before, having Cingular service in Boston is like eating ice cream and an onion. Even if you have a cell phone already now is definitely the time to get a new one on Amazon.com if your contract is running out. I found out from economic genius Spencer 07 that theyre currently running a promotion that gets you a $200 rebate on a wide selection of phones with the purchase of a one-year contract for a $40 plan. Well, let me tell you, my old cell phone was so old that it predated the invention of keyguard, so itd randomly call people by brushing against my wallet and waste tons of minutes and then theyd call me and wonder why I left a voice message consisting of 25 minutes of scraping noises and mufffled conversation. Now, I got a new flip phone with a built-in camera (I hate camera phones), a color monitor, and, well, a lot of other cool stuff that I dont really care about for the low price of -75.00. If you hate cell phones like me and just want to find a cheap, simple phone, the LG VX7000 and the Samsung A670 seem to get the best customer reviews from a variety of sites. If you want more features, of course, they seem to be offering this $200 rebate promotion on a wide selection of phones. Of course, I actually paid $125, but its gonna take a while before Im able to claim the two rebates associated with the product. In particular, the $150 Amazon.com rebate requires you access your digital locker and then to send a copy of your paid second months phone bill and the packing slip included with your phone. Hmmm almost like they dont really want you to claim the rebate. Its a little difficult, but since youre either already an MIT student or planning on applying to MIT, I think youll be able to figure it out. Well, thats my experience with cell phones at MIT, which I figure to be pretty representative since I really dont like them and just wanted a simple phone for making plans, calling Sams Mom (you should call your parents once a week) and ordering Thai food. However, Im sure its possible that Im way off base here, since, after all, Im just a chemical engineer. If any of you MIT people have found a much better place to buy cell phones or get service, just let me know and Ill add it here. Well, see you tomorrow. This entry was not sponsored by Verizon or Amazon.com. Its just that, seriously, dude, Cingular is horrendous for Boston students. I think. and I do live by the river. EDIT: In her comment, Stephanie brings up an excellent point that I forgot to mention abovethe inconvenience of switching phone numbers. If you already have a cell phone in your hometown and buy a new one in Boston, Im pretty sure that youll have to change your phone number entirely because of the area code difference. This wasnt a huge issue for me because I only had about 40 contacts, so I just sent them all a mass e-mail. If you have a cell phone at home and then buy a new one at home, keeping it in the same area code, I believe that its possible to keep your phone number even if youre changing your carrier. The whole business is a little hard to understand, but I looked into this a lot when buying my phone and was told that theres basically no way to keep your number if you change area codes. For information on keeping your number when switching carriers, look here: Heres the Lowdown on Keeping Your Number.

Factors That Affect Team Cooperation At The Team Level

Introduction Although the team has its advantages, but the reality of teamwork there will still be a lot of problems that hinder the efficiency of teamwork and make the team cannot produce the desired high performance. This reflection is the analyses and experiences of teamwork in the process about group presentation. It puts forward many factors which affect team cooperation at the team level, including the team characteristics and the impacts of cohesiveness, norming and the conflict in different stages of team development. The purpose is to analyse the relationship between these factors and teamwork, give the follow-up to its improvement, and further promote to the performance of teamwork. Discussion Team Characteristics Team size†¦show more content†¦Perhaps because all the members came from Asia, it caused the similar value views and world views. When we talked the social phenomenon in our own countries, other members always feeling empathy about it. Moreover, the diversity can bring some benefits. For example, we decided to use English in all team meetings and conversation. By doing this, we can practice English frequently. Also, this is a respecting for using all-understand language when the team members came from different country. On the other hand, some studies suggest that the diversity can be distinguished to surface-level and deep-level which refer to demographic differences and psychological differences (Price, Harrison, Gavin, Florey, 2002). However, studies distinguished diversity from different angles which in order to provide various theories to help teams to recognise the advantage of multiformity. Recently, research studies have confirmed that diversity can contribute to a positive level of conflict and it leads to better decision making. Member roles For an effective team, it is absolutely necessary to clear identify what roles do the members perform. In order to meet the competition, a successful team was required task performance and social satisfaction. Accordingly, there are two roles that a member can play in a teamwork which is task specialist role and socioemotional role (Lehmann-Willenbrock, Beck, Kauffeld, 2015). It has been observed that members paly in aShow MoreRelatedHow Personality Can Affect The Performance Of Teams1395 Words   |  6 Pagespersonality can affect the performance of teams. This essay will also explore various theories relevant to personalities and will assess how different personalities can be beneficial in increasing team performance as well as any disadvantages. This essay will also explore how personality can affect the inter-personal relationship between team members. 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This process can also can the stakeholders and shareholders in the company that differentRead MoreOrganizations That Can Impact Human Performance2456 Words   |  10 Pagesperformance management, they need to consider theories associated with ‘social factors’. Social factor is the study of human interaction and how those interactions can affect both human and safety performance. Topics for discussion to improve human performance and in the context of team work as a social interaction will include system complexity and coupling. According to Wilson et al. (2007, p. 246) ‘effective team work is extremely important when coordinated, interdependent behaviour is requiredRead MoreThe Development Of A Group1636 Words   |  7 Pagesthemselves to be a distinct unit that is different to other groups. The group must have shared goals, targets, norms and values, and be prepared to achieve these goals collectively. All of these characteristics are common in teams, but there are some key differences between a group and a team. Forming - During the forming stage, group members familiarise themselves with other group members, get to know each other and try to decide if they belong in that group. During this stage, group members start to assessRead MoreEvaluating Team Based Structures Within The Workplace970 Words   |  4 Pagesused team-based structures were considered newsworthy. In today’s business environment, most companies implement a team-based structure in their workforce. Implementing team-based structures in the workplace can have many impacts on the company, providing both benefits and disadvantages. Relying on a team-based structure does not guarantee an increase in performance, productivity, or employee satisfaction. However, companies can use many techniques to improve the effectiveness of their team-based

The Road Not Taken By Robert Frost - 883 Words

Poetry is a form of writing which is used to communicate emotions, feelings and captures the aesthetic beauty of romanticism in a condensed manner. Poems seek to reflect the attitudes and conceptions in the society while at the same time communicating the depth of feelings, emotions, ambitions and dreams of an individual or the society as a whole. Poetry is therefore a form of art which seeks to capture the underlying emotion in humans while at the same time bringing out the beauty and the realism in life (Fabb). This is can be shown in Robert frost poem â€Å"The Road not taken† which has been written in deep realism which was meant to capture the American way of life and this is the reason his poem is laced with metaphors and deep symbolism seeking to depict the challenges in the American way of life by depicting a dilemma between two choices (Fabb). The poem is about a traveler who had to choose two diverging roads in the woods which is a symbolism of two different directions someone is forced to choose in life, the major theme the poem brings is the theme of making choices in life. The poem therefore seeks to reflect the dilemma people face in life as shown in the statement; â€Å"Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, And sorry I could not travel both†. Poetry should also depict the language styles which the author use to communicate the depth of their feelings on the subject matter (Olsen). This poem has therefore employed the use of metaphors to indicate the careful analysisShow MoreRelatedThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost983 Words   |  4 PagesThe poem â€Å"The Road Not Taken was written by Robert Frost, a four-time Pulitzer Prize winner in poetry, and also a special guest at President John F. Kennedy’s inauguration (Robert Frost Biography). 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But the meter is not normal since, in some lines, an anapest, which means there are two unstressed syllables followed by one stressed syllable, is substituted forRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost1173 Words   |  5 PagesRobert Frost, one of America’s well-known poets is highly regarded for his realistic illustrations of rural life and poetry which is still relevant in today’s society. After being honoured on numerous occasions, he became one of America’s most popular public figures. Frosts’ poems reflect his greatness and his life in a variety of ways after he was confronted with such despair and grief after the passing of his father due to tuberculosis at just eleven years of age and his mother who passed awayRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost995 Words   |  4 Pagesthey can only move forward hoping for the best. â€Å"The Road Not Taken†, Robert Frost, 1916. In â€Å"The Road Not Taken† a traveler is strolling through the woods and comes across two different roads he could take, and unable to travel both the poet eventually chooses which path to take. The theme conveyed is about making choices. Frost does this through the use of diction, the use of figure of speech, and the use of imagery. To start with, Frost displays the main idea of decision making by the wordsRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost1055 Words   |  5 Pagesago. Either way, if you admit it now or in the wee hours of the night, like most people, you will come across this question at least once in your life. Robert Frost was able to grasp this raw, vulnerable life changing moment in the palm of his hand. Then he beautifully laid it out in the form of words in the narrative poem â€Å"The Road Not Taken†. Frost is able to take you back to a time when you have been faced with a life-changing decision. Then, causing you to ask yourself â€Å"Did I make the right choiceRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost940 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Road Not Taken† was written by Robert Frost in 1916, and it was the first poem in the collection Mountain Interval (Shmoop). Even though it was written many years ago, people of all ages still study this enticing poem. Frost wrote about coming to a fork in the woods and examining which path he should take and whether he might ever come back; the speaker believes each path is fine to take, but he takes the less used path (line 6). He wrote about this decision in clear, standard English. â€Å"TheRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost863 Words   |  4 PagesThe Poem, â€Å"The Road Not Taken†, by Robert Frost is a detailed poem about a conflict in a person’s life, dealing with having to take the right path throughout life. The Narrator of this poem is faced with a predicament when he comes across two paths. The choices that he makes in his life, can alter the future for better or worse. This poem describes his attitude and emotion towards his choices as well as, shows examples of themes, mood, and different literary devices. The title of this poem canRead MoreThe Road Not Taken, By Robert Frost968 Words   |  4 PagesPersonal Response 3 Title: The Road Not Taken Text Type: Poem Author: Robert Frost The poem, ‘The Road Not Taken’ by Robert Frost is about the â€Å"roads† and different paths we take in our lives. Frost wrote about a traveler who had to chose between two roads. He had to decide if he wanted to go down the well used or less used path. In the end, he went down the less used path. The theme of decision making and choices is shown in this poem. I think that this is a way of describing the choices we makeRead MoreRoad Not Taken, Robert Frost942 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish 101 Burstrem October 7, 2009 The Road Not Taken Life is full of choices and decisions that could ultimately change the outcome of our lives. In the poem, â€Å"The Road Not Taken† by Robert Frost, a traveler is destined to make that decision. This traveler man has to decide which road to take, one that is frequently traveled, and the one that is not. After contemplating which road to follow, he comes to the decision to take the road less traveled because he doesn’t want to follow inRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost1100 Words   |  5 PagesRobert Frost reflects that poetry â€Å"begins in delight and ends in wisdom†¦.It runs a course of lucky events , and ends in a clarification of life—not necessarily a great clarification, such as sects and cults are found on, but in a momentary stay against confusion† (931). His poem â€Å"The Road Not Taken† is a clarification of life. This paper will analyze and evaluate the formal elements of â€Å"The Road Not Taken† and consid er how these elements work together to fit the author’s purpose and clarification

Disadvantages of ERP, CRM and BPM Systems Free Essays

In recent years, there has been an increase in the use of technology in conducting corporate functions such as human resources, knowledge management and customer management. Identify any 3 of such systems (KM, CRM e.t. We will write a custom essay sample on Disadvantages of ERP, CRM and BPM Systems or any similar topic only for you Order Now c) and critically analyze the DISADVANTAGES of each of these systems against traditional archaic methods. Abstract The use of Information technology and information systems to support corporate functions have increased recently. IT/IS systems have substituted archaic methods in order to increase effectiveness and efficiency. Such systems attract substantial investment and are associated with significant problems. Using different examples the disadvantages in the use of these systems is provided with a view to overcoming the issues encountered. Introduction During the past 40 years IT expenditure and consumption have increased significantly (Gartner, 2000). This has been accompanied by a decrease in IT prices and a dramatic increase in IT functionality. As a result IT systems conducting corporate functions such as human resources, financial planning, knowledge management and customer management have proliferated. Today, many organisations have come to rely on such systems for effective management of their corporate functions. Since 2001, however, the contribution by IT to growth has been declining. Impediments to progress and the disadvantages associated with systems currently in place are increasingly raised as a concern (Zukis, B. et al., 2008). A number of disadvantages associated with current systems have been identified and are evident in systems such as Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Customer Relationship Management (CRM) and Business Process Management (BPM). (Bingi, P. et al, 2001; Kellen, V., 2003). Disadvantages of ERP, CRM and BPM Systems ERP systems integrate management information across an entire organisation and embrace finance/accounting, manufacturing, sales and service functions. Such systems run on a variety of configurations and, typically, employ a database as a repository of information (Khosrow–Puor,M., 2006) Compared with traditional more archaic methods current ERP systems several disadvantages have been identified (Smaizys Vasilecas 2009; PricewaterhouseCoopers, 2008): – It is difficult to incorporate changes and customizations required as business processes change. The systems encodes process definitions in proprietary source code. Changing this code is difficult, risky, expensive, and therefore rarely done. As a result most organisations forego opportunities to optimize their processes; – The systems focus on what organisations have in common and not on processes where real value is created for individual customers. This is due to ERP systems being developed for horizontal operational processes in the value chain but unable to effectively support or automate the many vertical specific business processes where real value is created; – Inability to grow or work with other systems. Current systems do not integrate well with other feeder systems from third party suppliers. This makes the initial deployment difficult since certain aspects cannot be easily and cheaply integrated and subsequently upgraded without soaring deployments costs. As a result of the above, traditional approaches can stand out as more flexible for companies to adapt and re-engineer processes to achieve competitive advantage. CRM systems are used for managing company’s interactions with customers, clients and sales prospects. They can be part of ERP systems or stand alone. The disadvantages with these systems tend to be in the overly complex tools and workflows requiring extensive training and business contextualisation training. The systems are difficult to use which leads to low usability, attention to detail and, consequently, data quality issues (Reid Catterall, 2005). Security concerns in CRM systems have also been raised (Turban et al., 2008). BPM systems capture and disseminate strategic information and outcome measurement (Kellen, 2003). A good example of BPM systems is the generation of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) report. This is a strategic performance management tool used to present a mixture of financial and non-financial measures (Parmenter, 2010). Similarly to ERP/CRM systems, there are also a number of disadvantages in the use of BPM systems when compared to traditional approaches. For example, BPM systems need to be easily changed and they need to be understandable and not overly complex. Often they are not. BPM systems are often seen as irrelevant to most employees throughout the organization. Decisions on the build of such systems are often left to consultant analysts and external developers. This leads to many BPM systems being inconsistent and unable to enhance the organisation’s learning and knowledge management environment. Data integration, latency and data quality is also an unacceptable issue in BPM systems. This leaves managers having to revert to ‘intuition’ in decision making and to more traditional methods of performance measurement (Kellen, 2003). Despite the disadvantages outlined above it is unlikely that organizations will go back to traditional and more archaic methods of corporate management. Instead these disadvantages are likely to be dealt with through technical, organisational and Individual changes. Technologically, service oriented architecture (SOA) and engineering approaches have been proposed and may provide greater flexibility and less complexity (Bell, 2008) – particularly if delivered via Software as a service (SaaS) (Schneider 2007). Organisational issues include the creation of a business culture based on metrics, knowledge sharing and learning; better and more effective leadership, streamlined processes, and better strategic control and intent. In terms of Individual roles CEOs need to understand the IT implications of their strategies. CFOs and CIOs should collaborate to explain the business case for eliminating systems and hardware that some business units may have come to depend on but which are overly complex and underused. COOs must demand IT architecture that drives value to internal and external customers. Conclusion Despite rising IT spending most Industries are currently unable to focus their IT budgets on truly innovative value-adding systems and processes. This is creating a situation of diminishing returns from IT and an IT cost crisis increasingly difficult to justify.. Current ERP, CRM and BPM systems have a number of significant disadvantages compared to traditional archaic methods of managing corporate functions. These disadvantages are likely to continue unless significant shifts in Technical, Organisational and Individual approaches take place. References Bell, M. (2008). Service-Oriented Modeling: Service Analysis, Design, and Architecture. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley Sons, Inc., pp. 3. Bingi, P. et al (2001). Critical issues affecting an ERP implementation. In: Myerson, J.M. (ed.) Enterprise Systems Integration, 2nd ed. Boca Raton, Florida: Auerbach, pp. 425-438. Gartner Inc. (2000). IT Spending: Its History and Future [WWW] Gartner Inc. Available from:http://www.gartner.com/4_decision_tools/measurement/measure_it_articles/july01/mit_spending_history1.html [Accessed 21/10/11). Kellen, V. (2003). Business Performance Measurement [WWW] DePaul University. Available from : http://www.kellen.net/bpm.htm [Accessed 22/10/11). Khosrow–Puor, Mehdi. (2006). Emerging trends and challenges in information technology management. Idea Group, Inc. p. 865. Parmenter, D. (2010). Key Performance Indicators (KPI): Developing, Implementing, and Using Winning KPIs. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley Sons, Inc., pp. 16–18. Reid, A. and Catterall, M. (2005). Invisible data quality issues in a CRM implementation. Journal of Database Marketing Customer Strategy Management, 12 (4), pp. 305–4314 Schneider, R.D. (2007). SaaS, Composite Applications, and SOA: Understanding their Differences and Making Them Work Together [WWW] The SOA Magazine Available from: http://www.soamag.com/I9/0707-2.php [Accessed 22/10/11). Smaizys, A. and Vasilecas, O. (2009). Business Rules Based Agile ERP Systems Development. Informatica, 20 (3), pp. 439–460 Turban, E. et al. (2008). Information Technology for Management, Transforming Organizations in the Digital Economy. Massachusetts: John Wiley Sons, Inc., pp. 300–343. Zukis, B. et al. (2008). Why Isn’t IT Spending Creating More Value [WWW] PwC. Available from : http://www.pwc.com/us/en/increasing-it-effectiveness/it-spending-and-value-creation.jhtml [Accessed 21/10/11). How to cite Disadvantages of ERP, CRM and BPM Systems, Essay examples

Transgenders free essay sample

It is often recognized that a baby boy with genitalia is supposed to grow up to become a man. Anything that deviates from the norms of what the society perceives is â€Å"not normal†. With such prejudices and discriminations set in place through generations across the globe, an invisible boundary has been formed to separate a â€Å"normal† human being from someone who has stepped outside of his or her cultural and social norms. This paper will explore the liminal status put in place to separates sexual identities distinctly through case studies of various transgenders and the way their culture and society look at them; hence the research question poses will be: What are the cultural and social implications of creating a boundary that separates a transgender from a â€Å"normal† human being? This research question was generated through an interest in how a boundary, which may seem harmless, can lead to the inclusion or exclusion of certain people with the examples of various transgenders. We will write a custom essay sample on Transgenders or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Wilson (2003:91) supported the reason transgender was explored by stating that transgendered bodies have been a subject of pathology discourse since the late nineteenth century, with scholars from disciplines such as anthropology, sociology, history, social psychology, and cultural and queer studies began to deconstruct and refute the pathological approach to transgender. LITERATURE REVIEW According to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (often know as DSM-IV), the criteria’s to diagnose one with Gender Identity Disorder (henceforth known as GID) have to be met, and the criteria are: strong and persistent cross-gender identification; persistent discomfort about one’s assigned sex; clinically significant distress in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning (Anon. 2000:535). Gender identity disorder or gender dysphoria, mentioned in Dreger (2009:26), is having someone who constantly insists that he is really a girl, indicating a belief and not coming to terms with what he really is. An example quoted in Dreger (2009:26) is a five-year-old boy, William, loving â€Å"girl† toys such as Barbie dolls and My Little Pony. He strongly prefers playing with girls and enjoys dressing up like a conventional pretty woman in pumps, dresses, jewelry and make-up. Through William’s actions, he caused distress to his parents as he constantly challenges cultural and social norms. Mentioned in Nanda (2000:13), while the majority of individuals identify themselves as either male or female, there are also people who claim alternative gender. As much as gender is culturally constructed through various social interactions and exposures, these people have difficulties identifying their â€Å"real† self. This notion is labeled as a â€Å"third† gender or, in this essay, referred to as â€Å"transgender†. One example of â€Å"third† gender is the hijras in India, where they are often recognized as neither men nor women by members of their respective cultures, but occupying a â€Å"third† gender category by adopting various behaviors such as dressing as women, wearing their hair long, adopting feminine mannerisms and taking on female names (Corwin 2009).